GEI024

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Athens. Grain tax law

Description: two joining fragments of a marble stele with pediment found reused in the wall of the Great Drain in the agora of Athens (dimensions: h:1.105 m w:0.422-0.44 m d:0.115 m )

Layout: stoichedon (31 letters, except for l. 58)

Letters: ionic-attic letters

Origin: the agora of Athens

Dating: 374/3 BC

Findspot: found in 1986 in the Great Drain, NE corner of the Stoa Basileios in the agora of Athens

Current location: The Museum of the Ancient Agora, Athens (inv. I 7557)

Reference Edition: Stroud 1998 (on which see SEG 48 96, and Magnetto, Erdas, Carusi 2010, 243)

Other Editions: P.J. Rhodes, R. Osborne, GHI 26

Photographs: Agora Excavations(http://agora.ascsa.net/id/agora/object/i%207557); Stroud 1998, 3-8, Figg. 1-4; Magnetto, Erdas, Carusi 2010, 249

Translations: Stroud 1998, 9 (English); Rhodes, Osborne, GHI 26 (English); Migeotte 2003, 181-182, no. 8 (it. transl. by U. Fantasia); Magnetto, Erdas, Carusi 2010, 247-248 (it. trans. by U. Fantasia; eng. transl. by Stroud 1998); Carrara 2014b, 301 (ll. 1-15, French); S. Lambert, P.J. Rhodes, R. Osborne, AIO online (https://www.atticinscriptions.com/inscription/StroudGrain/1998, English); Faraguna 2017, no. 38 (Italian)

Bibliography: Faraguna 1999, 63-97; Harris 1999, 269-272; Migeotte 1999, 713-714; Rhodes 1999 (http://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/1999/1999-03-13.html); Engels 2000, 97-124; Bresson 2000, 207-210; Osborne 2000a, 172-174; Ph. Gauthier, BE 2001 164; Migeotte 2001, 165-174; Marchiandi 2002, 542-543; Moreno 2003, 97-106; Descat 2003, 595-596; Fantasia 2004, 513-540; Brun 2005, no. 95; Jakab 2007, 105-121; Moreno 2007, 102-115; Marchiandi 2008, 11; Hansen 2009, 145-154; Magnetto, Erdas, Carusi 2010 (with contributions by Stroud, Migeotte, Ampolo, Fantasia, Corsaro, Faraguna, Gallo, Magnetto, Erdas, Carusi); Carrara 2014b, 301 ff.; Faraguna 2017, no. 38

<Θ> ε ο ί
Ἐπὶ Σωκρατίδο ἄρχοντος
Νόμος περὶ τῆς δωδεκάτης τοῦ σίτου (vac. )
τῶν νήσων (vac. )
5Ἀγύρριος εἶπεν· ὅπως ἂν τῶι δήμωι σῖ[το-]
ς ἦι ἐν τῶι κοινῶι, τὴν δωδεκάτην πωλ[εῖ-]
ν τὴν ἐν Λήμνωι καὶ Ἴμβρωι καὶ Σκύρω[ι κ-]
αὶ τὴν πεντηκοστὴν σίτο· ἡ δὲ μερὶς ἑκ̣[ά-]
στη ἔσται πεντακόσιοι μέδιμνοι, πυ[ρῶ-]
10ν μὲν ἑκατόν, κριθῶν δὲ τετρακόσιοι· [κο-]
μιεῖ τὸν σῖτον κινδύνωι τῶι ἑαυτο͂ ὁ π̣[ρ-]
ιάμενος εἰς τὸν Πειραιᾶ καὶ ἀνακομι[ε-]
ῖ εἰς τὸ ἄστυ τὸν σῖτον τέλεσιν τοῖς α̣[ὑ-]
το͂ καὶ κατανήσει τὸν σῖτον εἰς τὸ Αἰά̣[κ-]
15ειον· στέγον δὲ καὶ τεθυρωμένον παρέ̣[ξ-]
ει τὸ Αἰάκειον ἡ πόλις καὶ ἀποστήσε[ι τ-]
ὸν σῖτον τῆι πόληι τριάκοντα ἡμερῶν̣ [ὁ]
πριάμενος, ἐπειδὰν ἀνακομίσηι εἰς [ἄσ-]
τυ τέλεσι τοῖς αὑτο͂· ἐπειδὰν δὲ ἀνακ[ομ-]
20ίσει εἰς τὸ ἄστυ, ἐνοίκιον οὐ πράξει [ἡ π-]
όλις τοὺς πριαμένους

τοὺς πυροὺς ἀ̣[πο-]
στήσει ὁ πριάμενος ἕλκοντας πέντε ἑ̣[κ-]
τέ<α>ς τὸ τάλαντον, τὰς δὲ κρι<θ>ὰς ἑλκο[ύσ-]
<α>ς τὸν μέδιμνον τάλαντον ξηρὰς ἀπο̣σ[τ-]
25ήσει καθαρὰς αἰρῶν, τὸ σ<ή>κωμα ἐπὶ ΤΗ[..] -
ΩΝ<Η>Ι σηκώσας, καθάπερ οἱ ἄλλοι ἔμ[π]ορ[ο-]
ι· προκαταβολὴν οὐ θήσει ὁ πριάμε[ν]ο[ς ἀ-]
λλ’ ἐπώνια καὶ κηρύκεια κατὰ τὴν [μ]ερ[ίδ-]
α εἴκοσι δραχμ<ά>ς· ἐγγυητ<ὰ>ς καταστήσ[ε-]
30ι ὁ πριάμενος δύο κατὰ τὴμ μερίδα ἀξι[ό-]
χρεως, οὓς ἂν ἡ βουλὴ δοκιμάσηι· συμ[μορ-]
ία ἔσται ἡ μερὶς τρισχίλιοι μέδιμ̣[νοι],
ἓξ ἄνδρες· ἡ πόλις πράξει τὴν συμμορ[ία-]
ν τὸν σῖτον κ<α>ὶ παρ’ ἑνὸς καὶ παρ’ ἁπάν[τω-]
35ν τῶν ἐν τῆι συμμορίαι ὄντων, ἕως <ἂ>ν τ[ὰ α-]
ὑτῆς ἀπολάβηι· αἱρείσθω δὲ ὁ δῆμος δ[έκ-]
<α> <ἄ>νδρας ἐξ Ἀθηναίων ἁπάντων ἐν τῆι [ἐκ-]
κλησίαι, ὅτανπερ τοὺς στρατηγοὺς α[ἱρ-]
ῶνται, οἵτινες ἐπιμελήσονται τοῦ σί[τ-]
40ο· οὗτοι δὲ ἀποστησάμενοι τὸν σῖτον̣ κ[α-]
τὰ τὰ γεγραμμένα πωλόντων ἐν τῆι ἀγ[ορ-]
ᾶι, ὅταν τῶι δήμωι δοκῆι· πωλε͂ν δὲ μὴ ἐ[ξε-]
ῖναι ἐπιψηφίσαι πρότερον τοῦ Ἀνθεσ[τ-]
ηριῶνος μηνός· ὁ δὲ δῆμος ταξάτω τὴν τ[ι-]
45μὴν τῶν πυρῶν καὶ τῶν κριθῶν ὁπόσου χ[ρ-]
ὴ πωλε͂ν τοὺς αἱρεθέντας· τὸν δὲ σ<ῖ>τον [ο-]
ἱ πριάμενοι τὴν δωδεκάτην κομισάντω-
ν πρὸ τοῦ Μαιμακτηριῶνος μηνός· οἱ δὲ α̣ -
ἱρεθέντες ὑπὸ τοῦ δήμου ἐπιμελούσθω-
50ν, ὅπως ἂν κομίζηται ὁ σῖτος ἐν τῶι χρόν̣ -
ωι τῶι εἰρημένωι· ἐπειδὰν δὲ ἀποδῶντα-
ι οἱ αἱρεθέντες τὸν σῖτον, λογισάσθω[ν]
ἐν τῶι δήμωι καὶ τὰ χρήματα ἡκόντων φ[έ-]
ροντες εἰς τὸν δῆμον καὶ ἔστω στρατι[ω-]
55τικ<ὰ> τὰ ἐκ το͂ σίτο γενόμενα· τὴν δὲ προ[κ-]
αταβολὴν τὴν ἐκ τῶν νήσων μερίσαι το[ὺ-]
ς ἀποδέκτας καὶ τῆς πεντηκοστῆς, ὅσο[ν-]
περ πέρυσιν <η>ὗρεν ἐκ τοῖν δυοῖν δεκάτ[.] -
ιν, τὸ μὲν νῦν εἶναι εἰς τὴν διοίκησι[ν κ-]
60αὶ τὸ λοιπὸν μὴ <ἀ>φαιρεῖν τὼ δύο δεκάτ[.]
ἐκ τῶν κατ<α>βαλλομένων χρημάτων (vac. )

Ampolo, C. (2010), ‘Le motivazioni della legge sulla tassazione del grano di Lemno, Imbro e Sciro e il prezzo di grano e pane’, in A. Magnetto, D. Erdas and C. Carusi (2010), 39-66
Bresson, A. (2000), ‘A propos de la loi attique sur la taxe du grain de Lemnos, Imbros et Skyros’, in A. Bresson (ed.), La citè marchande, Bordeaux, 207-210
Brun, P. (2005), Impérialisme et dèmocratie à Athénes, Paris
Carrara, A. (2014b), ‘À la poursuite de l’ocre kéienne (IG II2 1128): mesures économiques et formes de domination athénienne dans les Cyclades au IVe s. a.C.’, in G. Bonnin and E. Le Quéré (eds.), Pouvoirs, îles et mer. Formes et modalités de l’hégémonie dans les Cyclades antiques (VIIe s. a.C.-IIIe s. p.C.), Bordeaux, 295-316
Carusi, C. (2010), 'La legge di Agirrio e le syngraphai ateniesi di IV secolo', in A. Magnetto, D. Erdas and C. Carusi (2010), 213-234
Corsaro, M. (2010), 'Il nomos di Agirrio e la tassazione diretta del grano nel mondo greco', in A. Magnetto, D. Erdas and C. Carusi (2010), 99-128
Descat, R. (2003), ‘L’approvisionnement en grain dans le monde grec des cités: histoire d’une politique’, in B. Marin and C. Virlouvet (eds.), Nourrir les cités de Méditerranée. Antiquité – Temps modernes, Paris, 595-596
Engels, J. (2000), ‘Das athenische Getreidesteuer-Gesetz des Agyrrhios und angebliche ‘sozialstaatliche’ Ziele in den Maßnahmen zur Getreideversorgung spätklassischer und hellenistischer Poleis’, ZPE 132, 97-124
Erdas, D. (2010), 'Il ricorso ai garanti solvibili nei documenti ateniesi di età classica', in A. Magnetto, D. Erdas and C. Carusi (2010),187-212
Fantasia, U. (2004), ‘Appaltatori, grano pubblico, finanze cittadine: ancora sul nomos di Agirrio’, MedAnt 7, 513-540
Fantasia, U. (2010), 'La politica del grano pubblico nelle città greche: alcune riflessioni a partire dalla legge di Agirrio', in A. Magnetto, D. Erdas and C. Carusi (2010), 67-98
Faraguna, M. (1999), ‘Intorno alla nuova legge ateniese sulla tassazione del grano’, Dike 2, 63-97
Faraguna, M. (2010), 'Il sistema degli appalti pubblici ad Atene nel IV sec. a.C. e la legge di Agirrio', in A. Magnetto, D. Erdas and C. Carusi (2010), 129-148
Faraguna, M. (2017), '38. Legge di Agirrio sulla tassazione del grano', in C. Antonetti and S. De Vino (eds.), Iscrizioni greche. Un'antologia, Roma, 178-184
Gallo, L. (2010), 'Il nomos di Agirrio e una testimonianza di Demostene', in A. Magnetto, D. Erdas and C. Carusi (2010), 149-158
Hansen, M.H. (2009), ‘A Note on Agyrrhios’ Grain-Tax Law of 374/3 B.C.’, in L. Mitchell and L. Rubinstein (eds.), Greek History and Epigraphy: Essays in Honour of P.J. Rhodes, Swansea, 145-154
Harris, E.M. (1999), ‘Notes on the New Grain-Tax Law’, ZPE 128, 269-272
Jakab, É. (2007), ‘SEG LVIII 96: Steuergesetz oder Frachtvertrag?’, in E. Cantarella (ed.), Symposion 2005: Vorträge zur griechischen und hellenistischen Rechtsgeschichte (Salerno, 14.-18. September 2005), Wien, 105-121
Magnetto, A. (2010), 'Incentivi e agevolazioni per i mercanti nel mondo greco in età classica ed ellenistica', A. Magnetto, D. Erdas and C. Carusi (2010), 159-186
Magnetto, A., D. Erdas and C. Carusi (eds.) (2010), Nuove ricerche sulla legge granaria ateniese del 374/3 a.C., Pisa
Marchiandi, D. (2003), ‘Fattorie e periboli funerari nella chora di Hephaisteia (Lemno): l’occupazione del territorio in una cleruchia ateniensa tra V e IV sec. a.C.’, ASAA 80, s. III, 2, 1, 487-572
Marchiandi, D. (2008), ‘Riflessioni in merito allo statuto giuridico di Lemno nel V secolo. La ragnatela bibliografica e l’evidenza archeologica: un dialogo possibile?’, ASAA 86, s. III, 8, 11-39
Migeotte, L. (1999), ‘Review of Stroud R.S., The Athenian Grain-Tax Law of 374/3 B.C.’, AJA 103, 713-714
Migeotte, L. (2001), ‘Quelques aspects légaux et juridiques de l’affermage des taxes en Grèce ancienne’, in E. Cantarella and G. Thür (eds.), Symposion 1997. Vorträge zur griechischen und hellenistischen Rechtsgeschichte (Altafiumara, 8-14. September 1997), Köln - Weimar - Wien, 165-174
Migeotte, L. (2002), L’économie des cités grecques de l’archaïsme au Haut-Empire romain, Paris
Migeotte, L. (2010), 'Le grain des îles et l'approvisionnement d'Athènes au IVe siècle avant J.-C.', in A. Magnetto, D. Erdas and C. Carusi (2010), 27-38
Moreno, A. (2003), ‘Athenian Bread-Baskets: the Grain-Tax Law of 374/3 B.C. Reinterpreted’, ZPE 145, 97-106
Moreno, A. (2007), Feeding the Democracy, Oxford
Osborne, R. (2000a), ‘Review of Stroud R.S., 1998, The Athenian Grain-Tax Law of 374/3 B.C.’, CR 50, 172-174
Rhodes, P.J. (1999), ‘Review of Stroud R.S., The Athenian Grain-Tax Law of 374/3 B.C, BMCR 3, 13
Stroud, R.S. (1998), The Athenian Grain-Tax Law of 374/3 B.C., Princeton
Stroud, R.S. (2010), 'Introduction' ad 'Future Research on the Athenian Grain Tax Law', in A. Magnetto, D. Erdas and C. Carusi (2010), 11-25; 235-242

Greek Economic Inscriptions

GEI024

Athens. Grain tax law